![]() Malmstrom TK, Voss VB, Cruz-Oliver DM, et al. Practice guideline update: mild cognitive impairment. Recommendations of the 5th Canadian Consensus Conference on the diagnosis and treatment of dementia. Screening for cognitive impairment in older adults: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Implicit bias in healthcare professionals: a systematic review. Elsevier 2022: 9–15.įitzGerald C, Hurst S. In: The Mental Status Examination Handbook. The workup after abnormal results of a mental status examination or cognitive screening tool is based on clinical judgment and primarily focuses on ruling out reversible causes of impairment and considering the need for further neuropsychiatric evaluation. There is emerging evidence for the validity of cognitive screening performed during telemedicine visits, but it should not replace in-person evaluation of patients who have comorbidities that would preclude reliable testing via telephone or video. Louis University Mental Status Examination, can be used the tools vary in sensitivity and specificity for detecting mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Validated cognitive screening tools, such as the Mini-Mental State Examination or the St. An abnormal response in a domain may suggest a possible diagnosis, but neither the mental status examination nor any cognitive screening tool alone is diagnostic for any condition. To avoid affecting the examination results, it is best practice to ensure that the patient has a comfortable, nonjudgmental environment without any family member input or other distractions. This can include evaluation of a targeted cognitive domain or the use of a brief cognitive screening tool that evaluates multiple domains. When concerns about a patient's cognitive functioning arise in a clinical encounter, further evaluation is indicated. Willmes K (2010) The methodological and statistical foundations of neuropsychological assessment.The mental status examination relies on the physician's clinical judgment for observation and interpretation. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values: foundations, pliabilities, and pitfalls in research and practice. Relationship between the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Mini-mental State Examination for assessment of mild cognitive impairment in older adults. Trzepacz PT, Hochstetler H, Wang S, Walker B, Saykin AJ. Cognitive tests to detect dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Tsoi KK, Chan JY, Hirai HW, Wong SY, Kwok TC. Neuropsychological Assessment of Neuropsychiatric and Neuromedical Disorders. Italian practitioners should consider an adaptive use of region-specific norms for the MoCA.Īdaptive testing Cognitive impairment Cultural differences Item Response Theory Montreal Cognitive Assessment Normative data. Item-level information herewith provided for the Italian MoCA can help interpret its scores by Italian practitioners. Memory items showed high discriminative capability, along with certain items assessing executive functions and orientation. Several items proved to be scarcely sensitive, especially the place item from Orientation and the letter detection task. Substantial disagreements with previous ESs classifications were detected. No sex differences were detected when tested along with age and education. Agreement with previous ESs classification was assessed via Cohen's k.Īge and education significantly predicted all MoCA measures except for Orientation, which was related to age only. Normative values were derived by means of the Equivalent Scores (ESs) method, applied to the MoCA and its sub-scales. Item Response Theory (IRT) was adopted to assess item difficulty and discrimination. This study thus aimed at providing: (i) updated, region-specific norms for the Italian MoCA, by also (ii) comparing them to pre-existing ones with higher geographical coverage (iii) information on sensitivity and discriminative capability at the item level.įive hundred and seventy nine healthy individuals from Northern Italy (208 males, 371 females age: 63.4 ± 15, 21-96 education: 11.3 ± 4.6, 1-25) were administered the MoCA. ![]() The availability of fine-grained, culture-specific psychometric outcomes can favor the interpretation of scores of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the most frequently used instrument to screen for mild cognitive dysfunctions in both instrumental and non-instrumental domains.
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